Optical frequency combs11. T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature 416, 233–237 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/416233a emitting a spectrum of discrete, evenly spaced narrow lines with a stable phase relation serve as unique optical rulers in frequency domains. The relation of radio frequency (RF) to the optical domain establishes a phase coherent link and provides a “clockwork” that enables counting of optical frequencies at unprecedented precisions.22. M. J.