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Articles by Sam Ip
When Does An AI Chatbot Assistant Become A Regulated Chatbot?
Michael Fekete’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services industries Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: in Canada Bill C‑34 enacts the Digital Safety Act, imposing safety obligations on AI chatbot services, with broader implications for online safety.
AI Training Gets A ‘fair Dealing’ Boost In India — With A Canadian Assist
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Insurance topic(s) with Finance and Tax Executives and Inhouse Counsel Key takeaways The Delhi High Court ruled that temporary storage of copyrighted content for AI training may qualify as fair dealing, but outputs must be evaluated separately for infringement. The decision highlights the need for AI developers to document content ingestion practices clearly.
Hong Kong’s five-year plan should recognize that markets need rules to grow Original
As the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region proceeds with the drafting of its first five-year plan, the city should ask itself a fundamental question: In the country’s next stage of high-quality development, what new and irreplaceable value can Hong Kong create? The answer cannot simply be “more finance”, “more technology”, or “more connectivity”. These are important, but they are not enough.
A Practical AI Implementation Guide For Ontario Hospital Boards
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Insurance topic(s) with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives in Canada with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services industries Artificial intelligence is already at work in Ontario hospitals, drafting clinical documentation, flagging deteriorating patients, reading medical images and scheduling operating rooms. Every hospital board is therefore already exercising AI oversight, deliberately or by default.
The PE Playbook: Translating AI Risk Into Deal Structure
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Insurance topic(s) with Finance and Tax Executives and Inhouse Counsel in Canada with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services industries Key takeaways Sponsors should assess broader operational assumptions beyond traditional software or technology diligence, such as rights to training data, dependencies on third-party providers and other legal/technical foundations for supporting future growth.
What Canada’s Ambitious AI Strategy Means For Business
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services industries The Government of Canada’s national AI strategy focuses on adoption, competitiveness, and domestic capacity-building. Key initiatives aim for $200 billion growth, 250,000 AI-related jobs, and increasing AI adoption from 12% to 60% by 2034.
Bill C-34 At A Glance: Canada’s New Digital Safety Act
OH Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP More Osler is a leading law firm with a singular focus – your business. Our collaborative “one firm” approach draws on the expertise of over 600 lawyers to provide responsive, proactive and practical legal solutions driven by your business needs. It’s law that works.
HK should secure a place in nation’s LEO strategy Original
As China enters the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period, low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites and satellite internet are becoming an increasingly important part of the country’s drive for innovation, industrial upgrading, and high-quality development. The policy direction is already clear. The plan calls for improving civilian space infrastructure, coordinating development of satellite communications, navigation and remote sensing systems, and accelerating the build-out of LEO satellite internet.
Finding The Balance: How Canada Should Approach AI Regulation
Michael Fekete’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: in United States with readers working within the Retail & Leisure industries Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Transport topic(s) with Senior Company Executives, HR and Inhouse Counsel Key takeaways AI is the fastest-adopted technology in human history, and Canada is at an inflection point on how to regulate it.
AI Transactions: Why Traditional Approaches Fall Short And How To Adapt
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Transport topic(s) with Senior Company Executives, HR and Inhouse Counsel in Canada with readers working within the Accounting & Consultancy, Insurance and Healthcare industries Key takeaways Transaction structures and terms are evolving, focusing on AI-specific diligence, longer warranty periods and adaptable structures to manage AI risks effectively.
Capital Concentration And PE Opportunity: The Canadian AI Market In 2025
Sam Ip’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Inhouse Counsel with readers working within the Technology and Transport industries Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: in Canada Key takeaways In 2025, Canadian AI funding increased while overall PE and VC deal activity fell, reflecting a trend towards larger financings.
Modernizing Federal Procurement: A Path Forward For Canadian Tech
Michael Fekete’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: in Canada Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: within Transport and Insolvency/Bankruptcy/Re-Structuring topic(s) with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives with readers working within the Banking & Credit, Business & Consumer Services and Insurance industries Key takeaways The Government of Canada must modernize procurement policies to support domestic technology vendors.
AI in hiring: Ontario employers grappling with new job posting disclosure requirement
On Jan. 1, 2026, Ontario’s new job posting disclosure requirements under the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA) came into effect. These disclosure requirements apply to employers with 25 or more employees on the day a publicly advertised job posting is posted.
AI In Hiring: Ontario Employers Grappling With New Job Posting Disclosure Requirement
Steven Dickie’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: in Canada with readers working within the Accounting & Consultancy industries Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives Key takeaways Ontario's new job posting disclosure requirements under the Employment Standards Act came into effect on January 1, 2026, mandating employers to disclose AI use in in the hiring process.
The Rise Of The Machines: Agentic AI
Sam Ip’s articles from Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives in Canada with readers working within the Accounting & Consultancy, Banking & Credit and Business & Consumer Services industries Key Takeaways Agentic AI raises legal implications in a variety of areas including intellectual property, privacy, tax, and commercial contracting, requiring adaptive compliance approaches.
AI Training On Trial: The Next Legal Frontier In Copyright Law
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives with readers working within the Business & Consumer Services and Healthcare industries Fundamental legal questions about the use of copyrighted materials for training AI models are being litigated in Canada and the U.S. Pending cases and government consultations will allow courts and Parliament to clarify how Canada's copyright law applies to AI training and modernize the Copyright...
AI In The Workplace: What Employers In Ontario Need To Know
Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP are most popular: with Senior Company Executives, HR and Finance and Tax Executives in Canada with readers working within the Accounting & Consultancy, Business & Consumer Services and Healthcare industries Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are changing how employers are making decisions and managing their workforces.
AI In Canada
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the world around us. What once seemed like science fiction, is increasingly becoming part of our daily lives. From generating answers to complex questions, to enhancing the provision of healthcare services, and everything in between, AI is profoundly altering how we work and live, while simultaneously creating unprecedented opportunities for innovation, improved productivity, and economic growth.
The Emerging Role Of Open Source In Advancing AI Adoption
Open-source AI has become a driving force in the advancement and adoption of artificial intelligence, offering transparency, accessibility and collaborative innovation. Models like Llama, Gemma and Phi-2 are enabling startups, researchers and enterprises to leverage leading-edge AI technology, fueling innovation across industries. This update explores the characteristics of open-source AI and the role they play in driving innovation, shaping regulatory requirements and influencing AI governance.
A Practical Approach To Enhancing Cybersecurity Trust: Standards And Validation Programs For SMEs
On February 6, 2025, the Digital Governance Council, a not-for-profit organization that plays a critical role in setting Canadian standards, launched its new CyberReady Validation Program. This initiative aims to help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)1 in strengthening their cybersecurity posture by offering a service to review their cybersecurity practices for compliance with baseline requirements.
Une cybersécurité digne de confiance grâce à une approche concrète : normes et programmes de validation pour les PME
Le 6 février 2025, le Conseil de gouvernance numérique, un organisme à but non lucratif qui joue un rôle essentiel dans l’établissement des normes canadiennes, a lancé son nouveau programme de validation CyberReady. Ce programme vise à aider les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME)[1] à renforcer leurs mesures de cybersécurité grâce à un service d’examen de leurs pratiques de cybersécurité et de vérification de leur conformité aux exigences de base.
M&A Transactions Involving AI Companies: Representations And Warranties
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has made companies that develop and deploy novel, innovative AI technologies, as well as those that leverage AI to create significant competitive advantages in their products and services, highly attractive acquisition targets. These acquisitions present unique challenges since AI systems differ fundamentally from traditional technologies.
OSI Releases First Candidate Definition Of 'Open Source AI' For Final Comments
As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to reshape industries, the role of open source AI systems is becoming increasingly relevant. Open source AI offers a collaborative and transparent foundation that can promote collaboration, transparency, foster innovation, lower barriers to entry and learning, and support ethical development. As open source AI gains traction, there is a growing need to clarify what "open source" means in the context of AI.
OSI releases first candidate definition of ‘open source AI’ for final comments
As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to reshape industries, the role of open source AI systems is becoming increasingly relevant. Open source AI offers a collaborative and transparent foundation that can promote collaboration, transparency, foster innovation, lower barriers to entry and learning, and support ethical development. As open source AI gains traction, there is a growing need to clarify what “open source” means in the context of AI.
SAR faces challenge in pursuing its own reforms Original
The word “reform” has suddenly filled the Hong Kong political arena with enthusiasm, and opinions from all sides have surged. The last topic that sparked such heated discussion was the abrupt halting of the waste-charging plan. Hong Kong society’s reaction to the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was unexpectedly strong.
Employment and HR
The Ontario Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development (the Ministry) has issued a Consultation Paper with a request for public input and feedback as the Ministry develops, and anticipates developing, regulations regarding new rules in respect of job postings.
‘Working for workers’ means more work for employers
The Ontario Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development (the Ministry) has issued a Consultation Paper with a request for public input and feedback as the Ministry develops, and anticipates developing, regulations regarding new rules in respect of job postings.
M&A Transactions Involving AI Companies: Due Diligence Considerations
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a strategic imperative for organizations seeking a competitive edge, leading to a surge in AI-related mergers and acquisitions (M&A). In 2023, AI companies accounted for 15% of all venture capital financings [PDF], underscoring significant investment interest in this sector. This rapid growth and investment in AI technologies has drawn the attention of regulators striving to keep pace.
The Role Of ISO/IEC 42001 In AI Governance
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about a complex landscape of regulatory challenges and ethical considerations. To navigate them, several key regulatory frameworks and standards have been developed. In Canada, the proposed Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (Part 3 of Bill C-27) aims to regulate AI systems comprehensively, focusing on safeguarding individuals and regulating responsible AI development and adoption.
The role of ISO/IEC 42001 in AI governance
Global overview of emerging AI standards The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about a complex landscape of regulatory challenges and ethical considerations. To navigate them, several key regulatory frameworks and standards have been developed. In Canada, the proposed Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (Part 3 of Bill C-27) aims to regulate AI systems comprehensively, focusing on safeguarding individuals and regulating responsible AI development and adoption.
Leveraging AI In Franchising: Opportunities And Legal Considerations
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a driving force in reshaping and transforming business operations across various industries. In the context of franchising, AI technologies may be leveraged to streamline business operations, improve decision-making processes, and enhance consumer experiences in a competitive market. While AI presents franchisors with unprecedented opportunities, the integration of AI poses several legal and ethical risks for franchisors to consider and proactively mitigate.
The Board's Oversight In The Age Of AI: Ethics, Compliance And Competitive Advantage
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the global business landscape at an almost dizzying speed. Many organizations, and their directors, are eager to take advantage of its potential to transform business operations and service delivery, and fear being left behind if they don't. As with any evolving business question, corporate boards across Canada may be questioning their role and responsibilities in guiding their organizations across the AI frontier.
The board's oversight in the age of AI: ethics, compliance and competitive advantage
Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the global business landscape at an almost dizzying speed. Many organizations, and their directors, are eager to take advantage of its potential to transform business operations and service delivery, and fear being left behind if they don’t. As with any evolving business question, corporate boards across Canada may be questioning their role and responsibilities in guiding their organizations across the AI frontier.
Emerging AI Security Risks And Considerations: Key Takeaways From The NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Report
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly prevalent and their integration into organizations become more entrenched, businesses face novel and evolving security and privacy risks. These risks stem largely from systems powered by machine learning models that are vulnerable to a class of security risks known as adversarial machine learning (AML), which target AI systems, including machine learning models and data used to train and serve such models.
Law Society Of Ontario Publishes Guidance For Licensees With Respect To The Use Of Generative AI
This week, the Law Society of Ontario (LSO)'s Futures Committee tabled their long anticipated white paper on licensee's use of generative AI [PDF]. The white paper provides guidance for licensees on how the rules of professional conduct apply to the use and adoption of generative AI tools in their delivery of legal services.
Is Your Business Ready For AI Governance? (Video)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made radical strides in the past year, reshaping the global business landscape. With the rapid adoption of generative AI, companies are eager to streamline processes and ease workloads. However, amidst the excitement, it's crucial for business leaders to tread carefully and assess potential risks and liabilities associated with this emerging technology.
Law Society of Ontario publishes guidance for licensees with respect to the use of generative AI
Introduction This week, the Law Society of Ontario (LSO)’s Futures Committee tabled their long anticipated white paper on licensee’s use of generative AI [PDF]. The white paper provides guidance for licensees on how the rules of professional conduct apply to the use and adoption of generative AI tools in their delivery of legal services.
Is your business ready for AI governance?
Click here to watch the video. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made radical strides in the past year, reshaping the global business landscape. With the rapid adoption of generative AI, companies are eager to streamline processes and ease workloads. However, amidst the excitement, it’s crucial for business leaders to tread carefully and assess potential risks and liabilities associated with this emerging technology.
Key Features And Implications Of ISED's Sweeping Amendments To The Proposed Legislative Scheme To Regulate Artificial Intelligence Systems
The original text of the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) left much of the scope and substance of the privacy legislative scheme to be determined in the not-yet-drafted regulations, which made it difficult to assess its efficacy. However, in November 2023, the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry (ISED) introduced sweeping amendments to AIDA which represented a wholesale change to the initial statutory framework.
AI Governance: Navigating The Path Ahead
Without question, during the past year, Canada has witnessed remarkable and radical change in the artificial intelligence (AI) sector, with the emergence and unprecedented speed of adoption of generative AI technologies. The rapid adoption has been accompanied by a wave of legislative and regulatory activity that has the potential to dramatically affect the use and adoption of AI and related technologies. Revolutionary technology and regulatory changes present challenges for businesses.
Consumer Protection Considerations In The Era Of Artificial Intelligence
Through technology innovation, businesses offering artificial intelligence (AI) products and services are shaping consumers' daily lives in multiple fields. At a high level, AI is the ability of computers to carry on tasks normally associated with human behaviour. It is a broad umbrella term that encompasses many different technologies, including machine learning and natural language processing.
ISED's Voluntary Code Of Conduct On The Responsible Development And Management Of Advanced Generative AI Systems
On September 27, 2023, the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, announced Canada's Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems (the Code of Conduct).
ISED’s Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems
On September 27, 2023, the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, announced Canada’s Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems (the Code of Conduct).
National Institute of Standards and Technology launches version 1.0 of AI Risk Management Framework
On January 26, 2023, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released its AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) [PDF], which sets out principles designed to equip organizations and individuals with approaches that increase the trustworthiness of artificial intelligence (AI) systems.
National Institute Of Standards And Technology Releases Draft AI Risk Management Framework For Feedback - New Technology - Canada
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has released its second draft of the NIST AI Risk Management Framework [PDF] (AI RMF), as well as its draft of a companion NIST AI RMF Playbook for feedback on September 29, 2022. Subsequently, NIST held a live online workshop on October 18–19, 2022, for industry-leading AI experts to discuss community feedback on the second draft and next steps for the AI RMF.
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