Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Chinyereugo M. Umemneku Chikere , Kevin Wilson , Sara Graziadio, Luke Vale , A. Joy Allen Chinyereugo M. Umemneku Chikere, Kevin Wilson, Sara Graziadio, Luke Vale, A. Joy Allen Published: October 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223832 Figures Abstract Objective To systematically review methods developed and employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of medical test when there is a missing or no gold standard.