Previously, details of the study design, criteria for the enrollment and selection of patients have been published [8, 9]. Briefly, the current study included a total of 469 patients with chronic HF from a nationwide, prospective, multi-center, observational HF study. Of these 469 patients, 95 patients were excluded due to ineligible DICOM format echocardiographic files for post-offline analysis or because LA reservoir or LVGLS to define the LA/LV myopathy phenotypes could not be obtained.