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Abstract Caffeine research has mostly examined anhydrous capsules between 3 and 13 mg·kg− 1, doses of 3 mg·kg− 1 and above generally have ergogenic effects. Little is known about doses of 3 mg·kg− 1 or below given as coffee, the form athletes usually consume.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 13 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1722936 This article is part of the Research TopicWomen in Sports and Exercise: Public Health and PromotionView all 14 articles Introduction Rugby is a high-intensity intermittent sport that includes repeated sprinting, tackling, and jumping actions. These high-intensity efforts are interspersed with short periods of low-intensity movements such as jogging or walking.
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