1 Introduction Body mass index (BMI) is the most widely used indicator in perinatal medicine, serving as a surrogate marker for adiposity and metabolic risk. It is well established that elevated BMI increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), cesarean section, and large for gestational age (LGA), while low BMI is associated with increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth [1-4].