1 Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and often recurring inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by persistent inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. The disease commonly manifests as abdominal pain, bloody stools, and diarrhea (Gros and Kaplan 2023). Moreover, the global prevalence of UC has risen markedly in recent years, substantially impairing the quality of life of affected patients and increasing the risk of colorectal cancer (Le Berre et al. 2023).
