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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 17 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1983375 Reviewed by ORIGINAL RESEARCH article PJ Paul James 1,2 SK Sudeep Karki 3 MN Michail N Isupov 1 SA Simone Antonio De Rose 1 NB Nils-Kaare Birkeland 3 AG Antonio Garcia-Moyano 4,3 JA Jennifer Ann Littlechild 1 1. University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 2. Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom 3. Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen, Norway 4.
Introduction Osmolytes are small organic molecules that accumulate within cells as a response to conditions of stress. These molecules increase the thermodynamic stability of cellular proteins and nucleic acids without compromising their native functional activities (Yancey et al., 1982). Osmolytes are tolerated within cells at concentrations, from millimolar to 1–2 molar, depending on the extracellular osmolarity (Brown, 1976).
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