1 Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a significant and growing global health burden, recognised as a primary cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus [1]. It is defined as a distinct clinical entity characterised by progressive myocardial structural remodelling and functional impairment in diabetic patients, occurring independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, or valvular heart disease [2].
