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1 Introduction Exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) predicts an increased risk of disease (Galobardes et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2015) and premature mortality (Felitti et al. 1998; Kelly-Irving et al. 2013; Yu et al. 2022), but why experiences in childhood impact health decades later remains unclear.
The authors have declared no competing interest. Research reported in this publication was funded by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (R01 AG061006R21) I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Abstract We know more about the costs of chronic stress than the benefits of the acute stress response—an adaptive response that buffers organisms from life-threatening challenges. As yet, no primate study has empirically identified how the stress response adaptively affects evolutionary fitness. Here, we take advantage of a natural experiment—an El Niño drought—that produced unprecedented mortality for wild white-faced capuchins.
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