Abstract We introduce selective internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, a guideline procedure to determine whether to remove the ILM during vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Retrospective case series Patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for RRD and were followed up for 12 months or longer were included. When vitreous cortex remnants (VCRs) were detected with triamcinolone acetonide, the ILM was removed; otherwise, the ILM was preserved (“selective ILM peeling”).