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Timo Hämäläinen · Follow 7 min read · -- The Finnish economy has hardly grown at all during the past 15 years and the public sector debt is piling up rapidly. The Finnish government decided to increase public R&D investments considerably by 2030 to turn these worrisome trends around. The goal is to foster more innovations that could kickstart the economic growth.
Timo Hämäläinen · Follow 7 min read · -- Jonathan Haskel ja Stian Westlake have written an interesting book about the intangible economy. Restarting the future: How to fix the intangible economy is already their second book on this topic. Haskel and Westlake show how the role of intangible investments has exceeded that of physical investments in major developed economies since the 2008 financial crisis.
3.3. Reinforcement Learning Speaking of reinforcement learning, there are two main approaches: value-based and policy-based. The goal of the former is to maximise a function which evaluates the total reward expected to be accumulated in the future iterations starting at a particular state. Once such a value function has been learned, it is used by the agent at each step to pick such an action which is believed to maximise the value of this function.
One of the best things is strolling across cities around the world. They’re all different, yet remarkably similar. It’s the perfect opportunity for reflecting how your own city or cities compare. Two places I’ve recently had the pleasure of exploring are Hong Kong and Tokyo. These Far East mega-cities may seem an odd couple at first, but there’s a key theme they share: they’ve been built over and over again. Hardcore redevelopment is part of their DNA.
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