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1 Introduction The giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), the world's most massive tree species, is a serotinous conifer (Harvey et al. 1980; Weatherspoon 1990; Harvey and Shellhammer 1991) for which seed release is almost exclusively triggered by fire. This evolutionary trait originated approximately 120–65 million years ago for modern conifer species, and much earlier for ancestor species (He et al. 2016; Lamont et al. 2019, 2020).
1 INTRODUCTION Globally among conifers, the association with high-severity fire for effective reproduction, known as serotiny, originated approximately 120–65 million years ago for modern conifer species and 350 million years ago for ancestor species (He et al., 2016; Lamont et al., 2019, 2020). Traits associated with serotiny evolved in response to strong evolutionary selection from high-severity crown fires.
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