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1 Introduction Aging promotes intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), which is a leading cause of chronic low back pain (cLBP) (Sima and Diwan 2025; Patil et al. 2018). Age-related cLBP is associated with impaired IVD healing from chronic inflammation, which promotes nerve ingrowth and immune cell recruitment (Dou et al. 2025), but the mechanisms by which aging exacerbates the development of discogenic cLBP are unclear.
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