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Abstract Extreme space weather events on Earth occur during intervals of strong solar wind driving1. The solar wind drives plasma convection and currents in the near-Earth space environment2. For low values of the driver, the Earth’s response is linear, estimated by parameters such as the polar cap index based on ground magnetometer activity3. Curiously, for extreme solar wind driving, the Earth’s response appears not to increase beyond a saturation limit4.
More than 50 years ago, excitonic insulators formed by the pairing of electrons and holes due to Coulomb interactions were first predicted [A. N. Kozlov and L. A. Maksimov, Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 21, 790 (1965); L. V. Keldysh and Y. V. Kopaev, Sov. Phys. Solid State 6, 2219 (1965); D. Jérome, T. M. Rice, and W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. 158, 462 (1967)].
We describe a scheme to exchange fermion parity between two pairs of Majorana bound states mediated by coupling with a centralized quantum dot. We formulate such a scheme for Majorana bound states nucleated in the Josephson vortices formed in a fourfold crossroads junction of planar topological superconductors in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field.
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