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Abstract Precision tabletop measurements of gravitational force are important for probing the fundamental nature of gravitation. Although gravitational experiments have spanned test masses from macroscopic objects to individual quantum systems, the mutual gravitational interaction between small—particularly microscopic—masses remains largely unexplored.
In the short-range test of the gravitational inverse-square law (ISL) using a torsion pendulum, the residual electrostatic force is usually the major disturbance. We have built a torsion pendulum apparatus to verify the coupling effect of the residual electrostatic force with the separation variation between the test mass and the shielding membrane due to the environmental vibrations.
Abstract The spatial variation and temporal variation in surface potential are important error sources in various precision experiments and deserved to be considered carefully. In the former case, the theoretical analysis shows that this effect depends on the surface potentials through their spatial autocorrelation functions.
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