1 Introduction Carbonate reservoirs are important targets in oil and gas exploration and development, and their reservoir properties are commonly controlled by lithological assemblages and their spatial variations (Ehrenberg and Nadeau 2005; Lucia 1995; Cantrell et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2021; Alnazghah et al. 2013). Accurate identification of different lithological types provides the basis for detailed reservoir evaluation and favourable interval prediction (Ren et al. 2019; Xie et al.
