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Articles by William Conklin
Digital Substations and the IEC 61850 Standard: The Architecture Behind Today’s Smart Grid
For most of the history of the electric power industry, substations were built around copper. Thousands of meters of control cable ran between instrument transformers, protection relays, circuit breakers, and the control room, each wire carrying a single analog signal to a single device. That architecture worked for a century, but it does not scale to the demands of a modern, renewable-heavy, sensor-dense grid.
Smart Power Grid System Architecture
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Learn how to disable machines and isolate energy sources safely Follow OSHA guidelines for developing energy control programs Protect workers with proper lockout devices and annual inspections Smart power grid system architecture integrates SCADA control, sensor telemetry, smart substations, and distributed intelligence to manage fault isolation, DER variability, and cyber risk while preserving model confidence thresholds in real-time distribution operations.
Protective Relay Testing: Verifying Protection Before It Matters
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Surge Protection for Electrical Panel: Why Placement Matters
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
A Transformer Protection Relay Demands More Than Overcurrent Logic
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Differential Protection Relay Schemes in Critical Power Assets
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Relay Protection Schemes That Behave Under Faults
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Deciding When a Motor Protection Relay Is the Right Tool
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker Selection
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Residual Current Circuit Breaker: A Signal, Not a Safeguard
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
How to Test a Circuit Breaker Safely
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Why Building Automation Systems Underperform Even When Equipment Is Correct
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Follow rules for rubber gloves, arc-rated PPE, and inspection procedures Learn employer obligations for testing, certification, and training Protect workers from arc flash and electrical shock injuries Most building automation systems underperform not because the equipment is defective, but because system behavior was never fully understood, validated, or aligned with operational priorities during design, integration, and commissioning.
The Role of SCADA in Grid Monitoring and Control
By William Conklin, Associate Publisher Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location. Live Online 6 hours Instructor-led Group Training Available Regular Price: $249 Coupon Price: $199 Reserve Your Seat Today As electric power systems grow in complexity, the need for real-time monitoring and control has never been greater.
How to Become a Substation Technician
An apprentice substation technician learns how to work safely with both AC and DC electrical systems, gaining hands-on experience under the supervision of experienced professionals. Training emphasizes the proper use of personal protective equipment PPE to reduce hazards, while developing the skills to troubleshoot and repair critical substation equipment.
How To Test a Transformer Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Electric Motor Protection Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
What Is Electrical Protection?
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
SCADA, IED Protection & Grid Safety
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Overcurrent Protection as a System Safety Function
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location. Live Online 12 hours Instructor-led Group Training Available Regular Price: $699 Coupon Price: $599 Reserve Your Seat Today Learn how to disable machines and isolate energy sources safely Follow OSHA guidelines for developing energy control programs Protect workers with proper lockout devices and annual inspections What is overcurrent protection?
Arc Flash Category 1 PPE Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Arc Flash PPE Requirements Chart Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Why Do Arc Flashes Happen? Hazard Prevention
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Electric Pole Transformer Explained
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Circuit Breaker In Substation Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Power Transformers
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Single Phase Transformer Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Substation Protection and Fault Containment Decisions
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Capacitor Voltage Transformer Explained
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
What Is Working On Substations As Lineman Classified As?
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker Protection
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Time Delay Relay
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Vacuum Fault Interrupter Explained
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Power Factor Leading vs Lagging
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Power Factor Cos phi (cos φ) and Electrical Systems
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
What does an Auto Recloser do? HV Electric Switch
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location. Live Online 12 hours Instructor-led Group Training Available Regular Price: $699 Coupon Price: $599 Reserve Your Seat Today Understand the difference between arc flash and electric shock boundaries Learn who may cross each boundary and under what conditions Apply voltage-based rules for safer approach distances What Does an Auto Recloser Do?
Metal Clad Switchgear Protection Explained
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Can You Load Side Tap a Breaker?
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Load Break Switch and the Line Between Switching and Protection
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Inrush Surge Current
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Earthing Transformer - Safety and Stability
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Delta vs Wye Explained
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
What is Core Balance Current Transformer?
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
What is Unity Power Factor Explained
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location. Live Online 12 hours Instructor-led Group Training Available Regular Price: $699 Coupon Price: $599 Reserve Your Seat Today Learn how to disable machines and isolate energy sources safely Follow OSHA guidelines for developing energy control programs Protect workers with proper lockout devices and annual inspections What is unity power factor?
Fuse Box Circuit Breaker Voltage Reader
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Capacitor Voltage Rating Limitations
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Capacitor Bank - Power Factor Correction
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Voltage Dropping and Power Quality Behavior
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Available Fault Current in Electrical Systems
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
Improve Power Reliability & Efficiency
By William Conklin, Technical Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
How Much Resistance Does an Arc Conductor Have?
By William Conklin, Associate Editor Our customized live online or in‑person group training can be delivered to your staff at your location.
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