Increasing complexity raises bar for rock engineering With the world’s most accessible mineral deposits already discovered and developed, extraction conditions are becoming progressively more difficult – making rock engineering more demanding. By William Joughin, Ed Saunders, and Diane Walker of SRK Consulting In open pits, slopes are often required to be steeper, with increased production pressures. As underground mines deepen, there is growing risk of mining-induced stresses and rock bursts.