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Articles by William Simpson
California Governor Signs SB 690, Limiting Private Right Of Action Under CIPA’s “Pen Register” And “Trap And Trace” Provisions
At a glance: Governor Gavin Newsom signed SB 690, amending CIPA to restrict private plaintiffs from bringing “pen register” and “trap and trace” claims arising from web-based conduct. The amendment is meant to reduce the wave of private CIPA litigation targeting website tracking technology.
EU debuts new digital sovereignty assessment tools
Skip to Content ANALYSISMEMBER As Europe advances its digital sovereignty agenda, new assessment tools provide criteria organizations can use to benchmark cloud and AI providers.
Reflecting on digital sovereignty discussions at Navigate 2026
In late June, the IAPP and the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University convened the Navigate 2026 Digital Policy Leadership Summit in sunny Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Alongside engaging discussions on the future of work and cultivating human attention in the digital age, digital sovereignty emerged as a reoccurring theme throughout the conference. As the IAPP has reported, digital sovereignty is a moving target for both governments and private companies.
xAI v. Bonta: A constitutional clash for training data transparency
Editor's note On 9 April, 2026, xAI filed a complaint against Colorado Attorney General Philip Weiser seeking to enjoin enforcement of the Colorado AI Act, citing constitutional violations.
How a hybrid approach to AI sovereignty is shaping EU digital policy | IAPP
In response to the Draghi report, weakened transatlantic cooperation and an AI arms race between the U.S. and China, the EU has been working fastidiously to bolster its technological independence.
Notes on the updated Global Privacy Law and DPA Directory and major privacy developments
The IAPP Research and Insights team updated its Global Privacy Law and DPA Directory. This latest version includes both new, amended, and draft comprehensive data privacy laws and reflects recent developments, including the establishment of new data protection authorities. First launched in 2017, the directory is intended to be a one-stop-shop for current information on data protection to keep privacy professionals up-to-date with global laws, authorities and trends.
Global AI law and policy tracker: Highlights and takeaways
The race to dominate the data and infrastructure that powers artificial intelligence is paired with a race to create law and policy that facilitates control over this technological revolution. The passage of the EU AI Act in 2024 signaled a high-water mark in comprehensive legislation governing AI, though a more recent trend has been to temper regulatory limits on the technology in the name of competition and innovation.
Копирование сделок торгового сигнала Apex11 для MetaTrader 5
Apex11 Gold Signals by AlgoVaults This signal is generated using Apex11, a precision-engineered automated trading system designed specifically for Gold (XAUUSD) on the M1 timeframe. The focus of this signal is controlled execution, disciplined risk management, and consistency, rather than aggressive overtrading or high-risk behavior. Trades are taken selectively based on predefined rules, with structured stop-loss and trade management logic applied automatically.
Low-cost electrochemical gas sensing of vertical differences in wintertime air composition (CO, NO, NO2, O3) in Fairbanks, Alaska
Low-cost electrochemical gas sensing of vertical differences in wintertime air composition (CO, NO, NO2, O3) in Fairbanks, Alaska Wintertime Fairbanks, Alaska, experiences episodes of severely poor air quality, when local emissions (e.g. from home-heating, vehicular) are enhanced by cold conditions and are trapped by temperature inversions. Monitoring of atmospheric composition, and in particular vertical gradients in composition, is challenging under cold Arctic conditions.
Cryptocurrency At A Crossroads: Prospects And Risks For Businesses
Since the first bitcoin was mined in 2009, cryptocurrency has evolved into a major emerging force in the global financial ecosystem, marking a shift from a niche hobby to a tool of widespread commercial significance. As adoption of various types of digital assets accelerates, businesses are increasingly engaging with these assets in areas ranging from payment systems to investment products to cross-border remittances.
What We're Watching Today: January 10, 2025
Ukraine Defence Contact Group pledges additional military aid to Ukraine The US convened the final meeting of the Biden administration for the Defence Contact Group, with members setting production goals for arms and equipment to be donated to Ukraine. Our Take: The setting of acquisition targets will aid planning, enabling industry to more efficiently scale production to meet planned demand.
What We're Watching Today: January 6, 2025
Russian gas dominance over Europe ends with termination of Ukrainian transit agreement Russian gas exports via pipelines running through Ukraine halted on New Year's Day, marking the end of decades of Moscow's dominance over Europe's energy markets. Our Take: The cutoff of gas via Ukraine has long been anticipated, giving recipient governments plenty of time to make alternative arrangements.
Top Business Risks For 2025
The great differentiator between successful businesses and those falling behind in 2025 will be strong and agile leadership attuned to changing operational environments and associated risks. 2025 promises to continue a trend of rapid change, with the sheer scale of such shifts being the top risk. Geopolitical upheaval, trade wars, climate change, and technological disruptions will impact more individuals, businesses and governments, imposing greater costs for longer duration.
Karl V. Hopkins - Partner
Overview Karl Hopkins is an internationally recognized legal advisor with extensive experience in infrastructure, energy, compliance, and cybersecurity and privacy matters. Karl counsels clients on a variety of matters involving international infrastructure development, arbitration, energy, business and political intelligence, and security and threat analysis.
What We're Watching Today: December 9, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,297 words and an 8-minute read. Trump urges urgent ceasefire in Ukraine US President-elect Donald Trump urged an immediate Ukraine-Russia ceasefire and talks to end "the madness," following his first meeting with Ukrainian President Zelenskiy in Paris, as both sides outlined their conditions. Our Take: Trump's call for a Ukraine-Russia ceasefire reflects a significant early effort by the incoming president to influence global diplomacy.
Digital Trade Agreements And Their Implications For Economic Cooperation In The Asia-Pacific And Beyond
In an era defined by rapid technological advancement, the Asia-Pacific region has become a focal point for global digital trade. As digital trade agreements (DTAs) emerge as key instruments for shaping the rules of engagement in the digital economy, their influence is reshaping business landscapes and global norms.
What We're Watching Today: December 6, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,078 words and a 7-minute read. Multi-billion-dollar Russian money laundering rings exposed in global sting Two Russian money laundering networks, Smart and TGR, used by drug gangs, cyber criminals and sanctioned oligarchs have been exposed, with 84 arrested, disrupted in an international sting. Our Take: The network spanned 30 countries and was based in Moscow. It is accused of laundering money from UK street drugs market, exchanging the cash for cryptocurrency.
What We're Watching Today: December 4, 2024
China launches rocket from new spaceport, leaping forward in commercial space race China launched the Long March 12 rocket last Saturday from its first dedicated commercial spaceport. Our Take: The launch at Hainan International Aerospace Launch Center advances China's commercial challenge to rival SpaceX's Starlink. Until the opening of the Hainan site, commercial companies had to compete for launch services at government facilities.
What We're Watching Today: November 25, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,084 words and a 7-minute read. NATO-Ukraine Council to convene following Russian deployment of new intermediate-range missile. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte will convene the NATO-Ukraine Council on Tuesday, following the deployment of a new Russian intermediate-range missile.
Impacts of Arctic Oil Field NOx Emissions on Downwind Bromine Chemistry: Insights from 5 years of MAX-DOAS observations
Impacts of Arctic Oil Field NOx Emissions on Downwind Bromine Chemistry: Insights from 5 years of MAX-DOAS observations Oil and gas production is a substantial source of nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere, with significant impacts particularly in remote regions without other large local NOx sources. In the Arctic, these emissions impact regional halogen and HOx chemistry, altering the oxidation of atmospheric pollutants.
What We're Watching Today: November 22, 2024
Russia fires what-may-have-been an ICBM at Ukraine Ukraine reported that Russia fired what appeared to be an intercontinental ballistic missile at Dnipro, suspected to be the first use in combat of a weapon designed to deliver long-distance nuclear strikes. Our Take: Classification of the RS-26 missile is disputed because its range (6,000 kilometers) is shorter than most ICBMs. The US is calling it an intermediate-range missile.
Educating And Training The Future Workforce: Challenges And Innovations In American Education And Industry
The United States education system and labor market are in a period of substantial upheaval as universities and employers adapt to meet the evolving needs of a dynamic global economy. Rising demand for technical skills, increasing emphasis on lifelong learning, and the need for greater alignment between academic institutions and industry are fundamentally reshaping how the future workforce is educated and trained.
What We're Watching Today: November 20, 2024
Ukraine destroys ammo storage facility using ATACMS Ukraine fired ATACMS, long-range missiles provided by the US, to destroy a Russian ammunition storage facility deep inside Russia, days after US President Biden gave approval for their use.
What We're Watching Today: November 15, 2024
Global measles cases rose 20% last year, driven by a lack of vaccine coverage in the world's poorest countries in conflict zones. Our Take: With most of the large outbreaks located in African zones of conflict, medical works face significant obstacles to access at risk populations. Additionally, vaccine hesitancy has increased, which may explain why Pakistan led in total number of measles in 2023.
What We're Watching Today: November 13, 2024
Future US tariffs risks to emerging markets currency values If incoming President Trump imposes larger tariffs, the renminbi and emerging market currencies will come under pressure. Our Take: Economists are focusing in on how markets will respond to incoming President Trump's trade policies and his campaign promises to impose steep, new tariffs on China and broad tariffs of 10-to-20 percent on imports from all other countries.
How Iran's Strategic Dilemma Underpins Ongoing Conflict In The Middle East
Following Israel's historic airstrikes on Iran in late October, speculation has grown over how and when Tehran will deliver promised retaliation. While Iran's foreign policy has been oriented around the destruction of Israel and its Western allies, Tehran has been careful not to provoke an all-out confrontation with Israel, highlighting a complex dilemma that the Islamic Republic faces.
What We're Watching Today: November 11, 2024
The US, Britain and Sweden all cut interest rates this week, strengthening a global trend of monetary easing, amid new uncertainty on future US trade policies. Our Take: With inflation tamed in major economies, with a few exceptions central banks continue to cut interest rates, seeking to encourage steady economic growth and reduce unemployment.
The China-India Border Détente And Its Implications For US Indo-Pacific Interests
In late October, China and India announced a deal to disengage from their Himalayan border confrontation, marking a significant development in the long-running tensions between the two Asian giants. After years of standoffs and clashes along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), particularly around India's northern Ladakh region, the new agreement stipulates troop withdrawals from contested areas and establishes new patrolling protocols.
What We're Watching Today: November 4, 2024
China's build-up of military capabilities alerts the US to risks of conflict in space The US Space Force warned that China is putting military capabilities into space at a "mind-boggling" pace, significantly increasing the risk of warfare in orbit. Our Take: US Space General Saltzman is on a tour of Europe to raise awareness with allies on the build-up of military capabilities by China and Russia and the risks of future conflict. Space is a growing domain for geopolitical competition.
What We're Watching Today: October 30, 2024
North Korean and Russian military cooperation in Ukraine send political shockwaves As thousands of North Korean troops move toward the front line in Ukraine, alarm bells are ringing in Kyiv, Brussels and South Korea. Our Take: While North Korean troops are not likely to change the course of the Ukraine war, their deployment has broader complications.
What We're Watching Today: October 28, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,324 words and an 8-minute read. Reparations not on the agenda of Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, officially Representatives of 56 countries, most with roots in the former British Empire, attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Samoa, amid increasing calls for Britain to pay reparations or make other amends for slavery.
Indonesia Under Prabowo Subianto: Outlook For Global Businesses
On October 20, Prabowo Subianto took office as Indonesia's eighth president, marking the beginning of a new era in the country's political and economic history. A former army general with a history of nationalist rhetoric, Prabowo espouses a vision of economic sovereignty and strong governance.
What We're Watching Today: October 25, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 838 words and a 5-minute read. At BRICS summit, Russia presses forward on alternatives to US dollar The main agenda item of the summit was a Russian proposal to circumvent the US dollar by setting up a new payment messaging system known as "BRICS Bridge." Our Take: Russia and China have been working towards creating an alternative to Swift, the secure messaging system for cross-border payments, along with a new BRICS currency.
What We're Watching Today, October 23, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,434 words and a 9-minute read. South Korea has called on Russia to stop North Korean troops from deploying to fight with Russian troops in Ukraine, and South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol discussed Seoul's concerns with NATO General Secretary Rutte. After the call, Rutte issued a short statement, flagging NATO's concerns over possible escalation of the conflict. Our Take: North Korea has supplied Russia with military equipment, shoring up Moscow's supply lines.
What We're Watching Today, October 21, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,050 words and a 7-minute read. US and NATO allies met in Brussels last week to discuss the future of the counter-terrorism coalition targeting the Islamic State. Our Take: Sometimes called a Forever War, the US and allies are taking stock of the challenges facing efforts to quell the resurgence of the Islamic State in Africa and Afghanistan.
North Korean IT Worker Infiltration Threats Expose Risks For Organizational Cyber Resilience And Sanctions Enforcement
On September 23, Google's Mandiant unit released a report which revealed that a fake information technology (IT) worker scheme run by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), or North Korea, is generating substantial revenue for the regime. The report found that one American facilitator assisting the IT workers was able to compromise over 60 identities of American individuals, affecting over 300 companies, and generating at least $6.8 million of illicit revenue between 2020 and 2023.
What We're Watching Today, October 18, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,223 words and an 8-minute read. For decades, North Korea's policy towards South Korea was reunification under its governance. Now, Pyongyang seeks to modify its constitution and has reclassified South Korea as a "hostile state." Our Take: North Korea has been escalating aggressive actions and rhetoric. Earlier this week, Pyongyang detonated symbolic roads and railways linking the north to the south.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 16, 2024
Global: Global public debt is forecast to exceed $100 trillion by the end of this year The IMF is warning that high public debt, expected to be about 93% of global GDP by the end of this year, poses global economic risks. Our Take: The IMF is concerned that the risks of global public debt is being underestimated and true indebtedness (unidentified debt) undercounted.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 11, 2024
Secretary General Mark Rutte announced that NATO will begin its annual nuclear exercise on Monday. The Steadfast Noon exercise, hosted by Belgium and the Netherlands, will simulate missions in which warplanes carry U.S. nuclear warheads, protecting the UK, North Sea, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 7, 2024
What We're Watching Todayis 1,398 words and a 9-minute read. Mark Rutte assumed the position of NATO Secretary General, replacing Jens Stoltenberg, whose term ended after ten years. Our Take:Stoltenberg's tenure was extended three times as he presented a steady hand in leading NATO as Russia invaded first the Crimea and the Donbas, before the 2022 full assault on Ukraine.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 9, 2024
In a rare public speech, British domestic intelligence director General Ken McCallum warned that ISIS was resuming efforts to export terrorism. Our Take: With the war in Ukraine and expanding conflict in the Middle East, trade tensions between the US and China, risks of disruptive technology, public attention on the global terrorism threat has receded, even if the threats have not.
Stepwise Risk Outlook Deep Dive: Japan's Strategic Recalibration And Advocacy For An Asian NATO
Today's Deep Dive is 1,149 words and a 7-minute read. Japan's defense policy is undergoing a significant transformation, marking a shift away from its post-World War II pacifism towards a more proactive and assertive stance.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 4, 2024
German authorities have arrested another suspect Chinese spy operating out of Leipzig, a main logistical hub used by US and NATO members states to ship heavy weapons to Ukraine. Our Take: This is the fifth individual German authorities have detained this year, charged with spying on behalf of China.
Stepwise Risk Outlook Deep Dive: The Path To Securing The Future Of US Semiconductor Supply Chains
The United States has embarked on an ambitious journey to stabilize the future of its semiconductor supply chain, reflected by both domestic and international efforts. On September 27, the US National Science Foundation and Department of Commerce announced a new $30 million funding opportunity, as part of the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act, for a novel initiative to train the future semiconductor workforce.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, October 2, 2024
What We're Watching Today is 1,323 words and an 8-minute read. A massive dockworker strike at US East and Gulf coasts seaports is expected to wreak havoc on global supply chains and the US economy. Our Take: The dispute over wages and automation with dockworkers has been brewing for months, with the September 30 deadline passing without an agreement.
Stepwise Risk Outlook Deep Dive: The Road To COP29 - New Goals, Familiar Obstacles
Today's Deep Dive is 1,257 words and an 8-minute read. The climate fall of 2024 is ramping up: last week, an estimated 100,000 lawmakers, business leaders and activists gathered in New York to attend events discussing climate issues (making the event twice as big as it was the year before), and next week climate leaders gather in Baku, Azerbaijan for pre-COP meetings to set the agenda for the 29thmeeting of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the Paris Agreement in the first week of November.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, September 30, 2024
US farmers are calling on the government to allow vaccinations for chickens, turkeys and cows to protect them from bird flu and reduce risks from migrating wildfowl, joining an emerging international movement towards bird flu vaccines.
Stepwise Risk Outlook: What We're Watching Today, September 27, 2024
Russian President Putin stated that Russia could use nuclear weapons if struck by conventional weapons provided by another nuclear power, which Moscow would consider a joint attack on Russia. Our Take: The announcement of the change in Russian nuclear doctrine takes place against the backdrop of the US and NATO member states debating whether to give Ukraine authority to us Storm Shadow missiles against targets deep in Russia.
Stepwise Risk Outlook Deep Dive: The US-China Relationship - Prioritizing Stability While Risks Bubble Under The Surface
As the world's two largest economies, the United States and China are intertwined by deep economic interdependence and strategic rivalry. Following a period of deteriorating relations between 2018 and 2023, this year has marked a critical juncture, where efforts to stabilize bilateral ties are counterbalanced by lingering risks that could easily escalate.
Energy and Natural Resources
Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov affirms that the Kremlin will not resume nuclear testing as long as the US refrains from such steps. Our Take: After President Putin rescinded Russia's ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and with arms control talks between the US and Russia non-existent, uncertainty has clouded Russia's nuclear posture.
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