Citation: Sun Y, Hu W, Xia X (2026) How self-governance willingness and participation efficacy shape residents’ satisfaction with urban public services: Evidence from neighborhood renewal in Hangzhou, China. PLoS One 21(1): e0341177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0341177 Editor: Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, BANGLADESH Received: May 8, 2025; Accepted: January 2, 2026; Published: January 23, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Sun et al.