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Articles by Xun Sun
Damage evolution mechanism and multiscale characterization of expansive soil under unidirectional freeze-thaw cycles
Abstract In seasonal frozen regions, expansive soil freezes in winter and thaws in spring from the ground surface downward. The temperature fluctuation triggers severe engineering failures, such as continuous landslides and collapses on road embankments. Conventional laboratory studies typically expose samples directly to cold environments, resulting in freezing from all boundaries, which fails to replicate the vertical temperature gradient in nature.
Navigating evolving complexity in the apparel industry: employer expectations for managerial talent—evidence from Bangladesh
ABSTRACT As the global apparel industry navigates increasing sourcing complexity, digital transformation, and evolving tariff structures, apparel firms are under growing pressure to recruit managerial talent capable of coordinating cross-functional operations and global supply chain demands. Against this backdrop, this study investigates employer expectations for managerial roles in Bangladesh’s apparel industry, the world’s second-largest exporter of ready-made garments.
Evaluation and advancement of the students’ artificial intelligence literacy through toolkit-based teaching instruction in fashion merchandising education
ABSTRACT With the rapid adoption of AI in fashion merchandising, there is an increasing need for students to develop AI literacy to meet evolving industry demands. However, higher education faces challenges due to limited discipline-specific pedagogical practices, insufficient student training, and a lack of AI-integrated curricula.
Conventional osteosarcoma of the ilium masquerading as a brown tumor in primary hyperparathyroidism: a rare case report and literature review
Abstract The coexistence of primary osteosarcoma in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is exceedingly rare, and overlapping features between reactive brown tumors and malignancies pose a severe risk of misdiagnosis and diagnostic omission. We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with a left hip lesion.
Modulating nuclear stiffness and envelope barrier facilitates AAV nuclear entry and reduces immunogenicity
Abstract Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have shown promise for orthopedic diseases. However, conventional AAV vectors face major challenges, where immune responses reduce transgene efficacy and inadequate vector potency requires higher doses, leading to increased costs and safety concerns.
Alzheimer’s Aβ catalyzes Tau phase separation and aggregation via early nanocluster solubilization
Abstract Extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau are the two main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the co-occurrence and synergistic effects of Aβ and Tau are well established, the mechanisms underlying their interplay in a biomolecular condensate environment remain unclear.
Photovoltaic power response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation - Communications Earth & Environment
Abstract Photovoltaic energy is expected to lead renewable energy growth, but rising solar energy penetration increases vulnerability to climate-driven intermittency. Here, we examine how the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the dominant source of seasonal-to-interannual climate variability, affects photovoltaic power output.
Catalyst‐Free and Visible Light‐Promoted Perfluoroalkylation of Indoles
Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Supporting Information Filename Description jhet70154-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 9.9 MB Data S1: jhet70154-sup-0001-Supinfo.docx.
Tuning Asymmetric Isomers in One‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Activity
Conflict of Interests The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description anie70065-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx1.4 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , , Science 2019, 366, 226–231, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay1844. 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 13667–13676, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00961. 3, Nature 2020, 578, 518–519, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00403-y. 4, , , , , , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202417403.
Global research trends on macrophage polarization in osteoarthritis: a bibliometric analysis
1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by the destruction of articular cartilage integrity and lesions of the subchondral bone at the joint margins. Its symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement of the affected joints. OA has diverse causes, is difficult to diagnose in its early stages, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. It typically begins between the ages of 40 and 50, and by the age of 80, it affects nearly everyone to some extent.
Controls of Geological Factors on H2 Adsorption in the Subsurface
4.1. Controls of BET Surface Areas on H2 Sorption: Coal vs Smectite Previous studies indicated that organic matter contents of samples control the methane sorption capacity, (29,32,40) and BET surface areas positively influence the methane sorption amounts in clay minerals, (30) shales, (41,42) and coals.
Anti‐Osteoporosis Treatment Alleviates Osteoarthritis Symptoms and Partially Reverses Disease Progression
1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are the two most common age-related bone diseases, bringing great physical and psychological burden to the middle-aged and elderly patients, especially in postmenopausal women [1]. Globally, OP affects an estimated 200 million women worldwide, and approximately 1/3 women over 50 years old will experience an OP-related fracture [2].
Microbiome affects mice metabolic homeostasis via differential regulation of gene expression in the brain and gut
1 INTRODUCTION The human body holds trillions of microorganisms, comprising fungi, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, known as the gut microbiome (GMB). Most of these organisms live symbiotically with their host and play a role in breaking down complex fibers found in the diet, and by-products of this microbial metabolism include metabolites such as butyrate (Valdes et al., 2018).
Au Nanoclusters on Vanadium-Doped ZrO2 Nanoparticles for Propylene Oxidation: An Investigation into the Impact of V
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Impact of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile strength of monofilaments and bundles of aluminosilicate fibers
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. REFERENCES 1, , , et al. Research progress of porous Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites. Int Mater Rev. 2023; 9: 70–79. 2. Bunsell A R. 1.9 oxide fibers. Comprehensive Composite Materials. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018. p. 218–242. 3. Metal matrix composites reinforced with fibre FP (α-Al2O3). Philos Trans Royal Soc A.
Pathogenic Mutation ΔK280 Promotes Hydrophobic Interactions Involving Microtubule‐Binding Domain and Enhances Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation of Tau (Small 6/2025)
Xuefeng Zhang Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 P. R. China Search for more papers by this author
Role of macrophage in intervertebral disc degeneration - Bone Research
Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration is a degenerative disease where inflammation and immune responses play significant roles. Macrophages, as key immune cells, critically regulate inflammation through polarization into different phenotypes. In recent years, the role of macrophages in inflammation-related degenerative diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration, has been increasingly recognized.
Sequential Targeted Enzyme‐Instructed Self‐Assembly Supramolecular Nanofibers to Attenuate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description adma202408678-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx7.4 MB Supporting Information References 1, , , , , , , , , , Lancet Rheumatol. 2023, 5, e316. 2, , , , , , , , J. Orthopaed. Transl. 2022, 32, 49. 3, , , , , , , , , , Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2306105. 4, , , , , Ageing Res. Rev. 2023, 87, 101902. 5, , , , J. Orthopaed. Transl. 2024, 45, 56. 6, , , , , , , , , , Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2209041. 7, , , , , , , , Curr. Med. Chem.
Research on Opening Design Guidelines for Zero-Energy House Based on the Family Life Cycle
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Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Diformylfuran Assisted by TEMPOL in Liquid Sunlight Methanol
Supporting Information As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
Mispacking of the F87 sidechain drives aggregation‐promoting conformational fluctuations in the subunit interfaces of the transthyretin tetramer
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description pro5101-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfPDF document, 1.5 MB Table S1. X-ray data collection and refinement statistics for A120S and A120L. Figure S1. SEC and DOSY characterization of A120L. Figure S2. X-ray structure overlays for A120L and A120S with the WT-TTR. Figure S3. 19F-NMR spectra of BTFA-labeled TTR mutants at 298 K and pH 7.0. Figure S4.
Catalysts | Free Full-Text | Au Nanoparticles Supported on Hydrotalcite-Based MMgAlOx (M=Cu, Ni, and Co) Composite: Influence of Dopants on the Catalytic Activity for Semi-Hydrogenation of C2H2
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Sliding Mode Flight Control Law Design Requirements for Oblique Wing Aircraft Based on Perturbation Theory
1. Introduction An oblique wing aircraft (OWA) is an asymmetric layout aircraft that can rotate its wing at different flight velocities, forming various wing sweep configurations, with one side swept forwards and the other side swept back, as shown in Figure 1 [1]. During the oblique wing skewing process, the rotating wing will not only produce changes in lift, drag, and pitch moments but also generate asymmetric side forces, roll moments, and yaw moments.
Hybrid Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Crystal Structure and Electronic Properties of Al3+ Doped KDP Crystals
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The Clinical Application of Double Taylor Spatial Frame in Segmental Tibial Fracture
Introduction Segmental fractures of the tibia, which are characterized by the presence of ≥ 2 fracture lines in the tibial shaft with a free middle segment, account for 3%–12% of total body fractures.1, 2 These fractures are caused by high-energy trauma and are classified as AO stage 42-C2. The anteromedial aspect of the tibia lacks muscle tissue, which renders fractures in this area highly vulnerable to soft tissue injury.
Comprehensive Assessment of Polysaccharides Extracted from Squash by Subcritical Water under Different Conditions
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Sustainable Fashion in New Era: Exploring Consumer Resilience and Goals in the Post-Pandemic
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Investigation of the Structural Strength of Expansive Soil in a Seasonally Frozen Region
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a three‐dimensional oxide/oxide composite after long‐term thermal exposure
Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) oxide fiber reinforced oxide matrix (oxide/oxide) composite was fabricated via slurry infiltration and sintering process. Subsequently, the effects of thermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D oxide/oxide composite at 900 °C and 1100 °C were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the thermal aging affected the matrix microstructures and fiber/matrix interface.
Phase Separation and Aggregation of α-Synuclein Diverge at Different Salt Conditions
Abstract The coacervation and structural rearrangement of the protein alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into cytotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils are considered pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. While aggregation is recognized as the key element of amyloid diseases, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and its interplay with aggregation have gained increasing interest. Previous work showed that factors promoting or inhibiting amyloid formation have similar effects on phase separation.
Mispacking of the F87 sidechain drives aggregation-promoting conformational fluctuations in the subunit interfaces of the transthyretin tetramer
Abstract Aberrant formation and deposition of human transthyretin (TTR) aggregates causes transthyretin amyloidosis. To initialize aggregation, transthyretin tetramers must first dissociate into monomers that partially unfold to promote entry into the aggregation pathway. The native TTR tetramer (T) is stabilized by docking of the F87 sidechain into an interfacial cavity enclosed by several hydrophobic residues including A120.
Improving the Cryogenic Strength-Ductility-Toughness of Multi‐Alloy Steel by Optimizing the Feature of Retained Austenite
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1 , , , Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2001, 32, 2259. 2 , , Structures 2019, 20, 635. 3 , , , , , , , Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 2023, 30, 1329. 4 , , , , , J. Constr. Steel. Res. 2019, 156, 287. 5 , , , , , , Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 2016, 23, 303. 6 , , , , , , Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2023, 874, 145089. 7 , , , , , , , J. Mater. Res. Technol. 25, 5855. 8 , , , Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2018, 723, 238. 9 , , , , , , , , , , Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2016, 675, 153.
Characterization of an amyloidogenic intermediate of transthyretin by NMR relaxation dispersion
Abstract The aggregation pathway of transthyretin (TTR) proceeds through rate-limiting dissociation of the tetramer and partial misfolding of the monomers, which assemble into amyloid structures through a downhill polymerization mechanism. The structural features of the aggregation-prone monomeric intermediate are poorly understood. Characterization of amyloidogenic intermediates is challenging due to their propensity to aggregate at concentrations necessary for structural studies.
Subdomain dynamics enable chemical chain reactions in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases - Nature Chemistry
Abstract Many peptide-derived natural products are produced by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in an assembly-line fashion. Each amino acid is coupled to a designated peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) through two distinct reactions catalysed sequentially by the single active site of the adenylation domain (A-domain).
Slurry infiltration and sintering cycle‐dependent mechanical properties of 3D oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites
REFERENCES 1, . Oxide fiber composites with promising properties for high-temperature structural applications. Adv Eng Mater. 2006; 8(11): 1129–1134. 2, , , . Mechanical behavior of a notched oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite in combustion environment: experiments and simulations. Compos Struct. 2015; 127: 77–86. 3, , , , , . Erosion characteristics of N720/alumina oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites in a combustion environment. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2022; 42(8): 3530–3541. 4.
Rapid Growth of the Gradient Deuterium Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal
Using broadband lasers is an effective method to suppress laser-plasma instability. In order to achieve efficient broadband third-harmonic generation, a new-type gradient deuterium deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystal with a gradient refractive index is designed and grown. A gradient deuterium DKDP crystal with a size of 20 × 20 × 80 mm is grown by using the “point-seed” rapid growth method, which has a deuterium content change of 10% along the type-II phase matching direction.
Advances, Synergy, and Perspectives of Machine Learning and Biobased Polymers for Energy, Fuels, and Biochemicals for a Sustainable Future
In the quest for a sustainable future, numerous challenges have been encountered. (1,2) Global reliance on nonrenewable energy sources has exacted a significant toll on the environment. (3−5) Traditional materials, primarily derived from finite resources, exacerbate the environmental burden, contributing to pollution and resource depletion.
Acid-inducing {110}/{121} Facet Junction Formation Boosting the Selectivity and Activity on CO2 Photoreduction of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Acid-inducing {110}/{121} Facet Junction Formation Boosting the Selectivity and Activity on CO2 Photoreduction of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles The exposure of anisotropic crystal facets of photocatalysts is an effective method to address the issue of the directional transfer of photoexcited carriers. However, the facet effect of BaTiO3 is random and the study of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is in infancy.
Highly Active and Stable Oxygen Vacancies via Sulfur Modification for Efficient Catalysis in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Highly Active and Stable Oxygen Vacancies via Sulfur Modification for Efficient Catalysis in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries The introduction of oxygen vacancies (Vo) in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) catalysts is regarded as an effective approach to improving catalyst performance. However, the high activity of Vo is a double-edged sword, whose instability was usually ignored. Here, we report a method of “anchor vacancies” to combine high activity and high stability of Vo by S modification.
Probing the Dissociation Pathway of a Kinetically Labile Transthyretin Mutant
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, XXXX, XXX Terms & Conditions Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses).
Probing the Dissociation Pathway of a Kinetically Labile Transthyretin Mutant
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, XXXX, XXX RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVArticleNEXT Xun Sun Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States , James A.
Metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages by target delivered roburic acid effectively ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms - Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that usually affects joints. It was found that roburic acid (RBA), an ingredient from anti-RA herb Gentiana macrophylla Pall., displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, its medical application is limited by its hydrophobicity, lack of targeting capability and unclear functional mechanism.
Probing the dissociation pathway of a kinetically labile transthyretin mutant
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A preliminary investigation of the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Introduction Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL), a distinct subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), account for between 18 and 36% of PTCL (1). Uncertainty surrounds its pathophysiology. Common T-cell antigens including CD2, CD3, CD5, and CD4 were also strongly expressed in AITL, pointing to the presence of T follicular helper (TFH) markers. TFH cells were also demonstrated to be the counterpart cell type to AITL (2–4).
Frontiers | Correlation analysis between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and cognitive function in first diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients
1. Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disorder, characterized by the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. This result in reduced dopamine input to the striatum, and typical motor symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural and gait disorder.
Case Report: FDG-PET/CT findings in co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis and chronic hepatitis B
1 Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites, mainly transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies (Gebresilassie et al., 2015; Lévêque et al., 2020). According to the WHO, leishmaniasis is endemic in nearly 98 countries of tropical and subtropical regions, primarily affecting developing countries (Alvar et al., 2012).
Ti3C2@g-C3N4/TiO2 Ternary Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Promoted Photocatalytic Degradation Activities
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Viscoelastic Properties of Polymeric Microneedles Determined by Micromanipulation Measurements and Mathematical Modelling
Abstract : Microneedles, including dissolvable ones made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials, have been widely studied and can potentially be used for transdermal drug delivery, disease diagnosis (sampling), skin care, etc. Characterizing their mechanical properties is essential, as being mechanically strong enough to pierce the skin barrier is one of the most fundamental and crucial requirements for them.
Higher Sensitivity of NIRv,Rad in Detecting Net Primary Productivity of C4 Than that of C3: Evidence from Ground Measurements of Wheat and Maize
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