A novel anion-functionalized fluorescent ionic liquid was designed and prepared, which was capable of capturing sulphur dioxide with high capacity and could be also used as a good colorimetric and fluorescent SO2 sensor. Compared to conventional fluorescent sensors, this fluorescent ionic liquid did not undergo aggregation-caused quenching or aggregation-induced emission, and the fluorescence was quenched when exposed under SO2, and the fluorescence would quench when exposed under SO2.