Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: He M, Zhou Y, Qiao Y, Ding Y, Gui X (2026) Emission-reduction cooperation among technologically complementary manufacturers under a carbon cap-and-trade mechanism with price competition. PLoS One 21(3): e0345856. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345856 Editor: Biswajit Sarkar, Yonsei University, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Received: June 30, 2025; Accepted: March 11, 2026; Published: March 27, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 He et al.