?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. Abstract Arctic sea ice leads, which present as linear openings in sea ice, play a critical role in modulating ocean–atmosphere interactions and regional heat fluxes. High-resolution pan-Arctic observations remain limited due to the harsh polar environment.
