Abstract High rooftop photovoltaic (PV) penetration causes reverse-power-flow stress, voltage rise, and PV curtailment to vary across low-voltage transformer service areas. Fixed-location flexibility cannot respond effectively when these stresses migrate over time. This paper develops a coordinated planning and operation framework for PV-rich low-voltage active distribution network clusters. The framework combines service-adaptability assessment with mobile shared energy storage (MSES).
