Abstract Objective: Although liver-soothing, gallbladder-benefiting, and heat-clearing (SGLDQR) traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are widely used for cholelithiasis, their systematic efficacy and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrated network meta-analysis (NMA), data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to evaluate the clinical efficacy and clarify the molecular mechanisms of SGLDQR TCM formulas against cholelithiasis.
