Abstract Since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the conflict has remained a persistent source of tension in US–Türkiye relations despite their NATO alliance. Divergences over Kurdish armed groups, military interventions, and sanctions have entrenched a structural security dilemma. The collapse of the Assad regime in late 2024 marked a critical turning point, prompting Türkiye to recalibrate its Syria policy from pursuing regime change to shaping post-conflict order.
