Gene expression profiles along with paired clinical information from patients with various cancer types, including both tumor and the adjacent normal tissues, were retrieved from the website (portal.gdc.cancer.gov) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). DKK3 expression levels were divided into high and low (half-cut) groups, and overall survival was analyzed accordingly. Data handling and analysis were performed mainly using the R (version 4.1.1) alongside GraphPad Prism 7 for graphical visualization.
