1 Introduction Microglia actively participate in CNS development, homeostasis, and diseases.[1] Microglia sense tissue damage and microbial invasion by recognizing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), respectively, through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and subsequently produce a plethora of inflammatory molecules, leading to the establishment of a neuroinflammatory milieu.[2] In particular, stimulation of the PRR Toll-like...