Abd ElHafeez

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 16 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1664047 Introduction Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also referred to as chronic lymphocytic or autoimmune thyroiditis, is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder. It predominantly affects women, who are four to eight times more likely than men to develop this condition. The prevalence of HT varies widely across different geographic regions and socioeconomic levels (1, 2).

References Asem N, Ramadan A, Hassany M, Ghazy RM, Abdallah M, Ibrahim M, et al. Pattern and determinants of COVID-19 infection and mortality across countries: an ecological study. Heliyon. 2021;7:e07504. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hassaan MA, Abdelwahab RG, Elbarky TA, Ghazy RM. GIS-Based Analysis Framework to Identify the Determinants of COVID-19 Incidence and Fatality in Africa. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211041210.

1. Introduction Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxovirus (1). The first human case of Mpox was identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases, mostly occurring in Central and West Africa (2, 3). The first cases of Mpox reported outside Africa occurred in the United States of America in 2003 (4).