Abdifitah Abdullahi

This review updates the 2016 systematic review of LN in Africa (9) by including newer cases published between 2016 and 2024. Our findings reinforce LN as a major cause of CKD and mortality in African SLE patients and provide additional evidence of regional disparities in presentation and outcomes. Our analysis of lupus nephritis (LN) cases across Africa demonstrates patterns that both confirm and extend existing global understanding of this condition.

Prescription drug misuse is defined as the use of prescription medication in a manner other than prescribed, including using it without a prescription, in higher doses, for longer durations, or for non-medical purposes such as to experience euphoria [12]. The study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, between January and April 2024. Mogadishu was selected as the primary study site due to its high prevalence of adolescent prescription drug misuse, as reported by municipal health authorities.