Abdul Khalique Junejo

Abstract Autonomous electric vehicles require precise coordination between motor torque control and vehicle trajectory tracking. However, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) exhibit nonlinear behavior—particularly inductance variation and flux weakening—that conventional model predictive control (MPC) methods with fixed parameters cannot adequately capture, leading to degraded tracking performance during dynamic transitions.

Abstract The increasing utilization of renewable energy sources in low-inertia power systems demands advanced control strategies for grid-forming inverters (GFMs). Conventional Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods, which depend on static models and predefined boundaries, often struggle to preserve frequency stability in dynamic grid conditions.

What you sow, so will you reap. It is that simple. This is a hard fact of history, true for everyone, every time and everywhere, but nowhere more so than Pakistan since it relates to the very foundations of this country. The spectre of religious extremism that is haunting Pakistan today and threatening the basic fabric of society owes its neo-natality to the early days of this country’s existence, even, to some extent, before that.