Abdul Munaf Mohamed

1. Introduction Rapid urbanization around the globe is escalating concerns over water scarcity. Increasing population growth [1], nonviable water administration [2], deficient regulatory frameworks [3], inadequate infrastructure, suboptimal water utilization, and heightened competition for water resources across diverse domains [4] are all playing crucial roles in water scarcity. As, currently, half of the global population is residing in urban areas, by 2050, it may rise to 70% [5].

4.5. Electricity from Solar Energy The majority of traditional occupants’ thermal comfort improvement applications, such as HVAC, need power to operate. Nevertheless, as stated in the preceding sections, the majority of global electricity comes from fossil fuels, and their negative effects are quite severe, resulting in highly severe occurrences inside and outside of the buildings.

1. Introduction The global population is expanding at an unprecedented rate, forcing the implementation of sustainable and equitable food systems at the forefront of sustainable development. The challenge of widespread food insecurity is a significant issue especially for emerging and underdeveloped countries [].