Ahmed Refae

Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and is estimated to affect more than 2.3 million women and account for 670,000 deaths annually.1 In Saudi Arabia, BC accounts for 30.9% of all cancers affecting women, with over 2,400 cases diagnosed annually and over 1,100 deaths attributed to BC annually.2,3 Multiple factors influence the prognosis of BC, including the stage at diagnosis and the molecular profile of the tumor.4 For instance, metastatic BC (mBC)...