Aikifa Raza

Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Directional fluid transport plays a crucial role in many water, energy, and biomedical applications, such as fog harvesting, (1−3) self-cleaning surfaces, (4,5) and enhanced heat transfer. (6−8) These surfaces are often designed and engineered to mimic the nature as these bioinspired surface structures can leverage micro- and nanoscale features to induce favored fluid movement and passive transport.

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Watering humanity puts enormous environmental pressure, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, the Southwestern USA, and Northwestern China. Various desalination and water purification systems have been widely deployed to increase the freshwater supply around the world.

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Energy consumption is integral to human civilization’s progress, surging in recent decades. (1) Dominating the global energy supply, fossil fuels contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane, exacerbating environmental issues, including global warming and extreme weather.