Akbar Zada

We introduce a novel class of mixed integral Caputo fractional delay dynamic systems incorporating non-instantaneous impulsive effects. The proposed model includes neutral terms and involves time-dependent delays within the integral limits. Our primary aim is to explore the qualitative behaviour of the system, with particular attention to the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as finite-time stability analysis.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement No new data were generated in this study. All analysis are based on previously published data, which are cited in the references. References 1, , and , “Exponential Synchronization of Bi-Directional Associative Memory Neural Networks With Delay on Arbitrary Time Domains,” Neural Computing and Applications 37, no. 8 (2025): 6383–6400. 2, “Adaptive Bidirectional Associative Memories,” Applied Optics 26, no.

, , , , and , “Controllability of an Abstract Partial Integro-Differential System with Delay and Impulses,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences49, no. 11 (2026): 11695–11709, https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.70654. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The study is purely theoretical and does not require the use of data.