Aleix Puig-Barbe

Abstract Single-cell omics technologies have transformed our understanding of cellular diversity by enabling high-resolution profiling of individual cells. However, the unprecedented scale and heterogeneity of these datasets demand robust frameworks for data integration and annotation.

Abstract The human body contains ~27–37 trillion cells of up to 10,000 cell types (CTs) within a volume of ~62–120 liters (males) and 52–89 liters (females). The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) v2.3 provides a quantitative 3D framework of CTs across 73 reference organs and 1,283 3D anatomical structures (ASs).

Abstract Annotation of biomedical entities with widely used, well-structured ontologies and ontology-aware tools ensures data and analyses are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). Standardized terms with synonyms support lexical search, while ontology structure enables biologically meaningful grouping of annotations, such as by location and type.