Alessandro Grattoni

ABSTRACT Introduction Controlled drug delivery systems are transforming immunomodulation by providing targeted, localized control of immune activity in chronic diseases, including autoimmunity, infection, and cancer. Unlike conventional systemic therapies that cause systemic toxicity and relapse, these platforms deliver fine-tuned immune responses through sustained, localized release to enhance efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.

Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing global health concern that affects approximately 8.5 million individuals worldwide. T1DM is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to a disruption in glucose homeostasis. Therapeutic intervention for T1DM requires a complex regimen of glycaemic monitoring and the administration of exogenous insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

1 Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are routinely adopted in the aerospace industry due to numerous advantages they offer over metals.[1] CFRPs offer high thermal conductivity, temperature stability, and most importantly, an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal for ensuring the structural integrity of aerospace components while minimizing weight, a critical factor in aerospace applications.