Alifereti Tawake

Abstract Shallow-water tropical coral reef ecosystems face an escalating crisis driven by cumulative local pressures and global stressors resulting from climate change. In this Review, we assess the status and trends of coral reefs and their future trajectories under local and global stressors, and focus on identifying and assembling the solutions required to avoid collapse of coral reef ecosystems.

1 INTRODUCTION Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is considered essential to achieving global biodiversity conservation targets (CBD, 2022), while supporting human well-being and social development (Diz et al., 2018). CBNRM is a collaborative effort that involves conservation and development organizations and government agencies working with local resource users to incorporate conservation strategies and traditional management in common property systems.

Abstract Functionally connected marine conservation areas are widely recognized as a cornerstone for successful biodiversity conservation outcomes and small-scale fisheries livelihoods. Incorporating fish species movement into fisheries community-based managed areas can catalyse greater conservation and socioeconomic benefits.