Almoutaz Mbaidin

1. Introduction Today, the oceans are facing increasing pressures, many of them of anthropogenic origin, such as pollution, global warming, overexploitation or illegal activities, which generate biodiversity losses and deteriorate marine ecosystems, acting at different geographical and temporal scales. These pressures affect the capacity of aquatic ecosystems to maintain a healthy, safe and resilient state and jeopardize the provision of food of high nutritional quality and biodiversity [,].