Andreea Iulia Socaciu

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All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction Pregnancy involves a plethora of profound adaptive physiological changes in the mother, which subsequently facilitate fetal growth and prepare her for childbirth. These changes could encompass immune tolerance of the placenta, metabolic adjustments to meet the increased nutrient and oxygen demands of the fetus, and significant endocrine shifts in response to pregnancy hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).