Andrei Adrian Tica

1 Introduction Endometriosis, characterized by severe menstrual problems and pelvic pain, is a common gynecological disorder with an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process (Taylor et al., 2021). About 10% of women of reproductive age globally and is strongly linked with infertility (Giudice and Kao, 2004; Zondervan et al., 2020).

1 Introduction The presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma growing outside of the uterine cavity is termed as Endometriosis. The ectopic endometrium could invade any part of the body, but the pelvic organs, the wall peritoneum, the ovaries, and the uterosacral ligament are the most invaded.

Introduction Endometriosis occurs in 2%–10% of women of reproductive age (1). The pathogenesis of endometriosis development is still unclear. The mechanism of pathogenesis of endometriosis is thought to be uterine tissue damage or scarring, the uterine microenvironment, stem cells, remnant cells from menstrual blood, hormones, gene products regulating inflammation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, and oxidative stress (2–4).