Andrew Brian Kinghorn

1 Introduction Electrochemical aptamer biosensors (E-ABs) detect specific biomarkers via molecular recognition mediated by single-stranded DNA aptamers, transducing binding into electrical signals.[1-3] Developing E-AB over traditional methods like (Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) RT-qPCR or lateral flow immunoassay for infectious disease diagnosis is of great interest due to its high specificity, rapid response, cost-effective device fabrication, and real-time...

1 Introduction Biopolymers serve as unique scaffolds in combinatorial chemistry, utilizing unannotated libraries that surpass conventional annotated libraries in size. They have diverse applications, from catalysis to therapeutics and diagnostics. Directed evolution of biopolymers, including RNA, demands both function and heredity, with challenges arising from two main aspects.