Andrzej Galbarczyk

1 Introduction The vaginal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining female reproductive and sexual health, and is important for reproductive success, due to its involvement in a chance of conception, a risk of miscarriage and premature birth (Ahrodia et al. 2022; Grewal et al. 2022; Venneri et al. 2022). Bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus are predominant in healthy, reproductive-age women.

1 Introduction Sleep is a fundamental biological function, essential for physical, mental, and cognitive health (Walker 2017). It is a cyclical process embedded in the diurnal rhythm, involving a temporary loss of consciousness and reduced responsiveness to external stimuli. Both the duration and the architecture of sleep are crucial for proper functioning (Buysse 2014; St-Onge et al. 2016). Sleep consists of two main states: nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).

1 Introduction The menstrual cycle involves fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, with LH and estrogen playing a key role in triggering ovulation, and progesterone rising after ovulation during the luteal phase. These hormonal shifts can impact physical activity, with increased muscle strength and reduced fatigue during the follicular phase and increased fatigue during the luteal and premenstrual phases (Bambaeichi et al. 2004; Bruinvels et al.