Annabelle Fowler

1 INTRODUCTION Exercise stimulates phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle, including metabolic adaptations, hypertrophy and tissue restructuring. Distinct training protocols, such as resistance, endurance and sprint exercises, activate different cell signalling pathways that lead to diverse phenotypic responses (Baar, 2006). Conventionally, resistance exercise preferentially promotes skeletal myocyte protein synthesis, culminating in muscle hypertrophy with sustained training (Qi et al., 2013).

Abstract While glioblastoma (GBM) progression is associated with extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, the causal contributions of ECM secretion to invasion remain unclear. Here we investigate these contributions by combining engineered materials, proteomics, analysis of patient data, and a model of bevacizumab-resistant GBM. We find that GBM cells cultured in engineered 3D hyaluronic acid hydrogels secrete ECM prior to invasion, particularly in the absence of exogenous ECM ligands.