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Articles by Anthony Chan
AbSciCon Poster Competition Winners
Each conference year, the AbSciCon Poster Competition recognizes outstanding research by early-career scientists working to understand life's place in the universe. This year's competition drew 63 participants from universities and research institutions across the country.
AbSciCon Poster Competition Winners
Each conference year, the AbSciCon Poster Competition recognizes outstanding research by early-career scientists working to understand life's place in the universe. This year's competition drew 63 participants from universities and research institutions across the country.
Shokbox Pro Review: The Bike Case Built for Superbikes
The Shokbox Pro Edition in Pro Graphite Black. Photo: Anthony Chan Travelling with a modern triathlon bike has its challenges. From one-piece or custom integrated cockpits, internally routed hydraulic hoses, frame-integrated hydration, to proprietary aero seatposts, you have a lot of componentry to protect. Every part you remove is a part you have to re-install correctly, often with a torque wrench, sometimes with a bleed kit, and almost always in a tight hotel room.
Safety of Damoctocog Alfa Pegol in Patients With Severe Haemophilia A Aged 7 to <12 Years of Age: Pooled Data From PROTECT VIII Kids and Alfa-PROTECT
Damoctocog alfa pegol (Jivi, Bayer) is an extended half-life recombinant factor VIII product that was approved in 2018 for the treatment and prophylaxis of bleeds in previously treated patients with haemophilia A aged ≥12 years [1]. The efficacy of damoctocog alfa pegol for preventing and treating bleeding in previously treated children aged <12 years with severe haemophilia A was demonstrated in the phase 3, multicentre, open-label, single-arm PROTECT VIII Kids study (NCT01775618) [2].
The Artificial Intelligence Arms Race: America Is Spending Billions, But China May Have Found a Cheaper Way to Win
Getty Images by Eugene Mymrin The competition between the United States and China to build the world’s most capable artificial intelligence models has evolved from an American-led race into an effective two-horse contest. For much of the generative AI era, the United States appeared to hold a comfortable lead.
H2O Audio TRI 2 PRO and TRI Run: Sound for the Long Haul
Two open-ear bone conduction headphones from H2O Audio: one for the pool and the pavement, one strictly for the road. Here’s how they earned their place in my training week. The H2O Audio TRI 2 PRO on deck. The transducer sits just forward of the ear canal, which stays completely open, and that’s the whole idea. A quick word on where I’m coming from before we get into it.
The Batch GB.1 is a $999 Gravel Bike Built to Get You Riding
Every endurance sport keeps a gatekeeper at the door, and more often than not it isn’t fitness or talent – it’s the price tag. Triathletes know the feeling, and so does anyone chasing a first marathon. And in gravel, where it’s easy to convince yourself you need a five-figure carbon rig before you’ve turned a pedal off pavement, the barrier feels especially steep. That’s why the Batch GB.1 caught my attention.
Dear Duolingo: Why does Japanese have three writing systems?
Welcome to another week of Dear Duolingo, an advice column just for language learners. Catch up on past installments here. Konnichiwa! I’m Anthony, a Curriculum Designer at Duolingo working on our Japanese course for English speakers. Before coming to Duolingo, I completed my master’s in East Asian Languages and Cultures and taught Japanese while translating video games on the side.
Canyon Aeroad CFR Di2 Review: A Future-Proof Halo Build
What if I told you that the best bike for you, even if you’re brand new to cycling, is a top-of-the-line ‘halo’ build like the Canyon Aeroad CFR Di2? I know how that sounds. But hear me out, because I’m the rider who learned it the hard way. Like a lot of triathletes, I came into the sport on an entry-level bike, figuring I’d upgrade later if I stuck with it. And stick with it I did.
The People's Economist
When historians and literary critics examined Dr. Anthony Chan’s writings after his death, they encountered a body of work that was difficult to categorize. Was he an economist who happened to write exceptionally well? A teacher disguised as a market strategist? A public intellectual who moved comfortably among academic research, financial markets, and storytelling?
Saying Goodbye to My Mom
This happened nearly twenty years ago, but in a sense, it feels like yesterday! People often assume that the moments that change our lives arrive with great ceremony. They imagine crowded rooms, dramatic speeches, or clocks that seem to stop at the exact right second. My experience was nothing like that. It happened on an ordinary Saturday afternoon in a quiet hospital room, with only two people present—my mother and me. To anyone else, it would have looked like another routine hospital visit.
Dad Never Asked for Much at All
Each Father's Day, we proudly say, The stores agree, the ads all cheer, He smiles and nods, then plays his part, Though what he really wanted was your heart. Dad never asked for much at all. He often listened to you and caught the ball, He stood beside us when we'd fall. While we wrapped gifts with childish pride, His greatest joy was at our side. Dad never asked for much at all.
The Woman Inside the Machine
Writers often talk about unfinished stories as if they were abandoned houses. The foundation is poured, a few walls are framed, and then construction halts. The wind moves through empty windows. We visit occasionally, imagining what might have been. One of those houses sits in my backyard, stories in progress under the title: Seven Days a Week, I Return to Her. I published it four months ago, believing I had discovered the beginning of something unusual.
The Voice Behind Me
I sensed it first, though none stood in sight, A shadowed voice always followed my flight. It never appeared, never showed its face, Yet I always felt its footsteps behind my pace. In every classroom, from childhood days, It lingered behind me, silent and near, "Bring all you've got, leave nothing behind, Or failure may catch what ambition can't find." I had no proof it was there, no figure to see, Yet its presence felt stronger than life. A watcher unseen at the edge of fate.
NASA DARES Task Force 1 Products
The NASA Astrobiology Program selected 15 members for Task Force 1 of the 2025 NASA Decadal Astrobiology Research and Exploration Strategy (NASA-DARES). These nine major focus areas were identified by Task Force 1 in response to 130 community whitepapers submitted to a Request for Information and refined at a community workshop in May 2025. They were refined by the community in phase 3 of NASA-DARES. These are the archival decks presented at the RFI Findings workshop.
An Unforgettable Evening on the Uptown Local
I had always believed that exhaustion could make a city feel haunted. That Friday night in Manhattan had started innocently enough. After one of the longest workdays he could remember, he took the downtown train to meet an old friend for dinner near Chinatown. The food was excellent, the drinks came too quickly, and their laughter lasted longer than he intended.
Astrobiology Publications
Revised in 2016, the second edition of the Primer contains revised content that addresses the definition of life in scientific research, the origins of planets and planetary systems, the evolution and interactions of life on Earth, habitability on worlds beyond Earth, the search for life, and the overall implications of the research. The Primer is intended to be a resource for early-career scientists, especially graduate students, who are new to astrobiology.
7.4. How can we identify worlds around other stars that could have life?
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 7.3. How do we discover worlds around other stars? Have you ever noticed that when you get closer or further away from something hot that it really changes the temperature that you feel? For example, if you get too close to a fireplace, a heater, or a campfire, you can actually feel way too warm. But, if you move away, it starts to get cooler. The same thing happens with our Sun.
5.1. How did life first emerge on Earth?
One of the greatest mysteries about life on our planet is when and how it first started. Life appears to have been here for a very long time. Using the tools of science, we have learned that Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. And, as old as Earth is, we’ve found evidence that tells us that living things have been around on Earth for almost as long as our planet has been here.
4.3. What are the sources of life's building blocks outside the Earth?
When Earth and the other planets were forming in the solar nebula around 4.5 billion years ago, not all of the material ended up inside of the planets and all of the moons. There were a lot of smaller pieces leftover; from itty, bitty microscopic stuff to pieces of rock and ice that can be many miles across. These are things like the asteroids and the comets in our solar system. Throughout Earth’s history these pieces of rock and ice have continued to rain down from space to Earth’s surface.
7.3. How do we discover worlds around other stars?
Disciplinary Core Ideas PS3.A: Definitions of Energy: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present. (MS-PS3-3, MS-PS3-4) PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life: The chemical reaction by which plants produce complex food molecules (sugars) requires an energy input (i.e., from sunlight) to occur.
7.2. How do we explore within our own Solar System for signs of life?
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 7.1. What is a biosignature? 7.3. How do we discover worlds around other stars? We are all born scientists. We are curious. We look for patterns. We compare and contrast new things to our past experiences. For example, we all know our own homes well. We know what it looks like, sounds like, and feels like.
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 6.3. Are there environments beyond Earth that could be habitable? 7.2. How do we explore within our own Solar System for signs of life? Have you ever been walking along and found a feather from a bird on the ground? If so, you would have known right away that a bird has been in that area. Maybe it flew by just recently or maybe a long time ago.
5.2. How did the first cells arise?
Disciplinary Core Ideas ESS1.C: The History of Planet Earth: Continental rocks, which can be older than 4 billion years, are generally much older than the rocks of the ocean floor, which are less than 200 million years old.
Disciplinary Core Ideas LS1.A: Structure and Function: All living things are made up of cells, which is the smallest unit that can be said to be alive. An organism may consist of one single cell (unicellular) or many different numbers and types of cells (multicellular). (MS-LS1-1) ▪ Within cells, special structures are responsible for particular functions, and the cell membrane forms the boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
6.2. What types of conditions can life survive in?
Disciplinary Core Ideas PS1.B: Chemical Reactions: Chemical processes, their rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of molecules and the rearrangements of atoms into new molecules, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of molecules that are matched by changes in kinetic energy.
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 6.2. What types of conditions can life survive in? 7.1. What is a biosignature? When people go on vacation or go camping they will pack all kinds of things. Maybe they’ll take along enough clothes or food for their trip or maybe a tent or things for cooking. It can be very difficult for people to live in the wild, especially compared to how we usually live in our homes.
1.1. Are we really made of star stuff?
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 1.2. How did our Solar System form? Have you ever wondered what we’re made of? Would you believe that you and me and all of the plants and all of the animals that we can see are all made of the same kind of stuff that makes up books and rocks and mountains and the ocean? We’re all made from the same kind of stuff, and we call that stuff “matter”.
2.3. Where could life have gotten started on Earth?
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 2.2. How was the Sun different when it formed compared to now? 3.1. What are the characteristics of life? As the early Earth began to “grow up,” it changed in many ways. Places like oceans and lakes and mountains formed on Earth. Each of these different places could have been a home for living things, as long as there was some water and a source of energy, like the Sun.
2.2. How was the Sun different when it formed compared to now?
Disciplinary Core Ideas ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars: The star called the Sun is changing and will burn out over a lifespan of approximately 10 billion years. (HS-ESS1-1) *The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth. (HS-ESS1-2, HS-ESS1-3) *Nearly all observable matter in the universe is hydrogen or helium, which formed in the first minutes after the big bang.
2.1. What was the Earth like right after it formed?
A core learning question from the Astrobiology Learning Progressions Astrobiology Learning Progressions Navigation 1.2. How did our Solar System form? 2.2. How was the Sun different when it formed compared to now? When our planet was really young, there were rocks from space crashing into it pretty often. One very large rock that might have been about as big as Mars hit Earth… but instead of destroying our planet, it created the Moon.
1.1. Are we really made of star stuff? Do you know what a planet is? A planet is a big, round world, floating in space. It can be made mostly of rock or even mostly of gas, just like the air all around us. You, me, and everyone we know lives on a planet called Earth. Our planet is in space and goes around the Sun. Now, did you know that the Sun is a star? Well, there are also seven other planets going around our star, the Sun. The Sun and the planets are part of what we call the Solar System.
Astrobiology Learning Progressions
A resource to help scientists and educators conduct learning experiences and communicate about astrobiology. The purpose of the Astrobiology Learning Progressions is to provide cognitive, instructional, and communication support for formal and informal educators, scientists, outreach specialists, and product developers who create and conduct learning experiences and otherwise communicate about astrobiology.
3.1. What are the characteristics of life?
Disciplinary Core Ideas LS1.A: Structure and Function: All living things are made up of cells, which is the smallest unit that can be said to be alive. An organism may consist of one single cell (unicellular) or many different numbers and types of cells (multicellular). (MS-LS1-1) ▪ Within cells, special structures are responsible for particular functions, and the cell membrane forms the boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The People's Economist with Anthony Chan
Getty Image, Nov. 23, 2025, NY Premiere of the Movie, “The Big Short with Brad Pitt, Michael Lewis, Ryan Gosling, Brad Grey, and Steve Carell On May 8, 2026, Michael Burry, made famous in the movie “The Big Short,” once again captured Wall Street’s attention after warning that the current U.S. stock market resembles the final stages of the 1999–2000 dot-com bubble.
How Two Immigrants Carried the Weight of America So Their Son Wouldn’t Have To
When my father first saw San Francisco, he thought the city looked wounded. Fog swallowed the harbor as factory smoke drifted over the waterfront like bruises across the sky. Ship horns groaned through the darkness. Men shouted in languages he did not recognize. Nothing felt stable. Even the buildings seemed temporary, as though the city itself had been assembled too quickly. He stood on the deck of the cargo ship, gripping the railing with both hands, staring at a country he did not understand.
The Arduous 10-pound Weight Loss Journey
even though day one awaits from within. The ending speaks before the start can plead, threefold the effort, the reps, the burning pace, as if sheer will could make the outcome race. Then comes the ache that hasn’t happened yet, joints letting me know that I’m overdrawn,” My fragile frame, which feels already gone.
The Bargain Cabin
A week in a handcrafted cabin tucked deep in the wilderness, miles from the nearest town, priced so low it felt like a mistake. Daniel joked that maybe the owner had forgotten a zero. Lena, worn down by the grind of city life, didn’t question it. They booked it within minutes. The first evening felt like proof they’d made the right decision. The cabin stood exactly as advertised—polished wood, a wraparound porch, and a panoramic view of dense forest that seemed untouched by time.
Ladder of Life Detection
The direct detection of extant life has not been attempted by NASA since the Viking Missions in the late 1970s. The Ladder of Life Detection was generated to stimulate and support discussions among scientists and engineers about how one would detect extant life beyond Earth within the practical constraints of robotic space missions. The Ladder draws from lessons learned from previous attempts at detecting life.
Chasing a Moving Target
The email always arrived the same way—polite, upbeat, and maddeningly vague. “We’re looking for an Economist keynote speaker who can truly connect with our audience.” That was the brief. No data on audience sentiment, no clear objective function, no defined constraints. Just a mandate to “connect,” which, in the professional speaking world, is roughly equivalent to being asked to forecast inflation without knowing whether you’re modeling supply shocks, demand shocks, or political interference.
Tata – You Are My Solid Rock
Since you left, the days don’t break the same, They gather slowly and call your name. In every word you used to give. You were my rock through sun and rain, No day too small, no thought too slight, You walked beside me, day and night. You said you held me when I was new, I still see us on the West Side air, We had very little, yet felt grand, With soft drinks in our hands.
Astrobiology Overview
NASA’s Astrobiology Program investigates life in the Universe on many levels: how it began, how it evolved here on Earth, and where and how it might exist elsewhere. Astrobiology is fundamental to NASA’s space exploration goals and organizes multi-disciplinary efforts to answer the underlying question: “Are we alone?” NASA Astrobiology supports a diverse portfolio of scientific research, addressing fundamental questions about the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe.
Airflow Management Under Duress
I want to start with a sincere apology. I understand that feedback after an event should be constructive, gracious, and ideally brief. What comes next might challenge at least two of those expectations. First, thank you for organizing the airport pickup. Your representative was punctual, courteous, and immediately friendly when I arrived from New York after my cross-country flight.
The Last Decision
Some endings arrive quietly, like a door shutting in another room. Others stay, unfinished, asking to be revisited long after there’s nothing left to change. My mother spent the last years of her life in an assisted living facility, a place that smelled faintly of antiseptic and perfume, where routines replaced memory. Dementia had taken hold gradually, then completely, erasing names, distorting time, and softening the sharp edges of who she once was.
The Fever That Changed Everything
It didn’t seem like a turning point. Not initially. In 1990, stepping onto a bond trading floor at a European bank on Wall Street felt like the culmination of all my efforts. Before that, I came from academia; after earning my Ph.D. in Economics and working as an Economist for the Federal Reserve, I spent time teaching graduate and undergraduate students, refining ideas, and defending arguments. The trading floor was louder, faster, and less forgiving.
The Moral Market Never Misprices
Across the floors of Wall Street’s gleam and grind, And felt both steady hands and fractured hearts. Some bonds were built like steel that would not bend, While others broke where trust could not defend; In whispered halls where fortunes rise and fall, I learned not every ally stands through all. And Karma walks beside me, calm and wise, No need for haste, no veil across her eyes.
Tata’s Lesson
Anthony learned early to watch what people did, not what they said. He was a young man when his older brother Andy—whom he had called Tata for as long as anyone could remember—told him a story that would quietly shape the rest of his life. Their parents liked to say that “Tata” had been Anthony’s first word, spoken with a kind of certainty that made it feel less like a nickname and more like a title. It stuck, not just because it was said, but because it fit.
The Strait of Hormuz
The issue is clear, and the concern is plain: The Strait of Hormuz must open again. Nearly twenty percent of the world’s oil supply Moves through that water passing by. The price of oil will climb once more. And households everywhere will feel the tide. Even if much of Iran’s navy is gone, Other threats to ships go on. Sea mines could number up to six thousand strong, And clearing them all could take too long. Fast boats may rush at tankers, near, Drones may strike, and crews may fear.
Living on the Edge
On some mornings, it felt as if something had already begun for Susan, though she couldn’t say exactly what. Not a new job, not a clear direction, not even the familiar rhythm of certainty she used to feel years ago when her career in finance seemed to follow a well-marked path. It was more like the quiet shifting of air before a storm, a sense that something was gathering just beyond sight.
The Uneven Ladder
Mark first learned the magical myth in a classroom with peeling paint and tall windows that rattled every winter when the wind pushed down the avenue. His fourth-grade teacher wrote it on the chalkboard with deliberate strokes. She circled the equation twice. The class copied it into their notebooks as if it were arithmetic. Mark believed it in the same way children believe in gravity. His mother also believed it.
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