Anusha Sultan Meo

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the association of socioeconomic factors with total fertility rate in five South Asian countries. Method: The retrospective, longitudinal study based on secondary data was conducted from June 6 to December 31, 2024, at the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and comprised data from 1980 to 2021 for five South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan.

4. Discussion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed into a highly distinctive, challenging, and threatening situation. Vaccines are the best strategy to protect people from this pandemic. Worldwide, people have received vaccinations, but there is a need to gather evidence about the safety and adverse effects of these vaccines. The immunity induced by these vaccines not only depends on the host factors but also is determined by vaccine components.

1. Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, has swiftly spread in a matter of months across the world. The outbreak of the disease has posed a major threat to international healthcare systems and economies [1]. On 22 December 2022, the disease infected 651,918,402 people and caused 6,656,601 deaths with a case fatality rate of 1.02% [2].