Archibold Mposhi

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1 Introduction Since the early work of David Barker linking birthweight to later life cardiovascular disease (1) the link between many different forms of environmental exposure in the first 1000 days has been expanded to many psychopathologies [reviewed in (2)], as well as long-term immune-mediated diseases (3), metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity (4), and epidemiological studies suggest that such early-life adversity (ELA) is also negatively associated with life expectancy (5).