Arun Gajan Pradeep

1 Introduction The circular economy (CE) practices, a transformative socio-economic model, focus primarily on waste reduction and value recovery and support regenerative industrial processes. Rapid industrialization has altered consumption patterns, resulting in the overconsumption of resources and environmental degradation (Kamel et al. 2026). Furthermore, global waste generation has been increasing in an unprecedented manner, raising serious concerns.

Abstract Rapid industrialisation and increased online purchases have significantly increased the carbon footprint of supply chains (SCs), necessitating the transition towards net-zero SCs. Though lean, green, and digital (LGD) innovations have demonstrated potential to impact the net-zero SC transition, their adoption remains limited in emerging economies due to several barriers.

Conflicts of Interest The authors report no relevant conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data underlying this study are not publicly available because they were derived from a physician-curated institutional registry and retrospective clinical records. Data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to institutional review and regulatory approvals.